Apparatus for burning oil



Feb. 5, 1924., 1,482,759 s. MEYERS I APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL FiledNov; '7, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb 5, 1924;

s. E. MEYERS APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL Filed NOV. 7, 1921 3-Sheets-Sheet2 Feb. 5, 19240 S. E. MEYERS APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL Filed Nov. '7,1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Feb. 5,1924.

UNITED STATES 1,482,759 PATENT OFFICE.

SIDNEY E. MEYERS, OF BUFFALO, NEW YQRK, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE W. SMITH, OF

' BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL.

Application filed November 7, 1921. Serial No. 513,291.

'1'0 (/11 whomv if may concern.

Be it known that- SIDNEY F. Mnrnns, a citizen of the United States,residing at Buffalo. in the county of Erie and State of New York. hasinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for BurningOil, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for burning oil for fuel purposesand of the general type which includes a suitably constructed burner, apump for the oil, and a blower for the air used to complete thecombustible mixture.

T he' principal objects of the invention are to make certain provisionfor the Supply of oil and air in predetermined constant ratio, to insuresafety by providing for the automatic cutoff of the oil when the motorelement of the apparatus is not in operation and by providing againstthe unsupervised resumption of the operation of the motor element afterits operation has for any reason been discontinued, to provide for thethorough atomization of the oil and the thorough and uniform admixtureof the oil and air supplied for combustion, to provide for the efficientconsumption of the fuel mixture, and to provide for a minimumconsumption of oil in relation to the heat devcloped.

Further objects of the invention are to provide an apparatus which willconstitute a safe. certain and reliable oil burning sys tem and will beinexpensive to install and maintain.

\Vith the above objects in view the invention consists generally inmeans of novel construction for regulating the supply of oil and air andfor maintaining the oil and air in constant ratio. in a novel oildischarge nozzle associated with the burner. and in a novel burner forthe combustible mixture.

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An embodiment of the invention is illustrated 111 the accompanyingdrawings, wherein Figure 1 is an elevation of oil burning apparatus mwhich the features of the invention are incorporated.

Figure 2 is an elevation at a right angle to the elevation of Figure 1,and showing the burner and associated features in central verticalsection.

Figure 3 is a detail sectional view of a part of the oil line located atthe outlet side of the oil pump.

Figure 4 is a detail sectional view on the line el4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a detail sectional view of the spray nozzle for the oil.

Figures 6 and 7 are detail sectional views on the lines 6-6 and 7-T ofFigure 2.

Figure 8 is a detail end elevation partly in section of the means forregulating the supply of oil and air.

Figure 9 is a detail side elevation of such means. the centrifugalgovernor being shown in section.

10 of Figure 8.

Figure 11 is a detail elevation of the means for regulating the supplyof oil and air at the side thereof opposite to that shown in Figure 9.

The invention is adapted for use with a furnace A of any suitableconstruction of which a suitable burner 1 is a functional element. Asshown and preferred the burner 1 includes a mixing chamber 2 to whichfuel oil is delivered from the nozzle 3 and air is delivered from achamber 4 surrounding said nozzle and communicating by passages 53 witha wind box 6. The oil is supplied to the nozzle 3 by an oil pump 7 froma tank said pump and tank being of any suitable construction. Air tocomplete. the combustible mixture flows into the wind box 6 from a trunk9 which is connected to an air supply fan 10 of any suitableconstruction. The fan 10 and pump 7 are pre ferably operated by a singleelectric motor 11 having a line shaft 12. The revoluble element of thefan 10 is preferably mounted on the shaft 12 which also carries a nvorm13 as an element of the gearing for operating the pump 7.

The pipe H conducts oil from the tank 8 to the inlet side of the pump 7and is connected to the inlet check 15 of said pump. From the pump 7 theoil is conducted by pipe 16 to the means for maintaining the supply ofoil and airin constant ratio, which means may be conveniently termed aproportioner and is indicated generally at 17.

Figure 10 is a detail section on the line The pipe 16 extends from afitting 18 having a duct 19 which is a functional part of said pipe andwhich is connected to the outletcheck 20 of the pump 7. The fitting 18carries the air dome 21 which is open to the. duct 19. A passage 22extends angular-1y from the duct 19 to a by-pass 23 which is connectedto the pipe 14 at a point in advance of the inlet check 15 and which maybe provided with a. suitable drain valve 24. The communication of thepassage 22 with the by-pass 23 is controlled by a suitable check valve25. preferably operated by a spring, the power of which may be adjustedby a bearing cap 27 threaded into the fitting 18. The valve is set toopen when the pressure of the oil in the pipe 16 be comes excessive andhence prevents the pressure of the oil in the pipe 16 from exceeding apredetermined maximum limit.

The proportioner 17 is shown in detail in Figures 8 to 11 and, accordingto the inven tion, its elements are responsive in operation tovariations in the speed of the shaft of the fan 10 which shaft. as shownand me ferred, is the shaft 12 of the motor 11. The proportioner 17includes a casing 28 having an inlet connection 29 to which the pipe 16is joined and having a duct 30 through which the oil flows from theconnection 29. The duct 30 communicates by means of an angular passage31 with an outlet connection 32 to which is joined a pipe 33 forconducting the oil from the proportioner to the nozzle 3. The passage 31is formed with a seat for a valve 34, preferably in the form of a balland which is moved to closed position by a spring A cap 36 affords aseating for the spring and is provided with a cage 37 which guides andconfines the ball valve 34 and preferably has apertures 38 to admit oilunder said valve, the pressure of the oil admitted through the apertures38 aiding in closing the valve.

The valve 34 by its position in relation to its seat regulates thequantity of oil delivered to the outlet 32-and for this purpose itsmovements are coordinated to the speed of the fan shaft 12, the degreeof opening of said valve being proportionate to the speed 'of saidshaft. In the construction shown and preferred the valve 34 is operatedand controlled bv a plunger 39 movable through a suitable stutfing boxin the casin 28. The plunger 89 is operated in one irection by thespring 35 and in the other direction by a cam 41. said plunger having atits upper end a suitable tappet 4o for engagement with said cam. The cam41 is mounted on a rock shaft 42 and is preterably adjustable angularlyof said shaft in order that the valve 34 may be. set in some determinedposition with relation to its seat and with reference to a particularposition of the shaft 42. Foi 'the purpose of such adjustment the cam 41has its hub provided with a set screw 42 bywhich the cam may be securedin any desired angular position on and with respect to the shaft 42. Theshaft 42 is controlled r'rom the shaft 12 by a suitable governorindicated generally at 43. The governor 43 may be of any constructionsuitable for the purpose in view and preferably includes a barrel 44revoluble with the shaft 12 and fitted to the end thereof. The barrel 44projects beyond the shaft 12 and its projecting portion carries a pairof weighted arms 45 which are pivotally mounted on pins 46 and whichhave tail extensions 47 projecting into an opening 48 formeddiametrically through the barrel. The outward movement of the arms 45is-opposed by a plunger 49 which .is fitted within the barrel and iskeyed thereto so as to turn with the barrel but to be slidable axiallythereof. The tail extensions 4T operate against pins 50 which in turnoperate against an equalizing part 51 having a seating in the end of theplunger 49. The shaft 42 is provided with an opcrating arm 52 which isfast to said shaft and is preferably located intermediate tlte shaftbearings 53, these being conveniently supported by a standard 54 securedto the casing 28. The arm 52 is provided with an extension connected atits end to a tension spring 56. the opposite end of said spring beingconnected to an adjusting plug 57 which may be moved in either directionby a nut 58 bearing from below against a lug 59 formed on the casing 28.The arm 52 is pivotally connected at its upper end to a rod 60 whichprojects into the barrel 44 and acts on a disk 61. a suitable thrustbearing 62 being arranged between the disk 61 and the plunger 49. Itwill be apparent that the spring 56 acts in opposition to the outwardmovement of the arms 45 and that the. power of the spring is transmittedto said arms from the arm 52 through the rod 60 and the plunger 49. As amatter of convenience and merely to hold the parts of the governor inrelation when assembling an expansive coil spring 63 may be interposedbetween the disk 61 and the end of the barrel 44.

The proportioner preferably includes means for cutting off the supply ofoil to the burner in the event of thestoppage of the operation of theoil pump and means for rendering the apparatus inoperative, except asreset, in the event of the stoppage of the operation of the motor. Forthe purpose of cutting off the supply of oil to the burner a cutoffvalve 64 is arranged intermediate the inlet connection 29 and the duct30, said valve having its seating in the end of an angular passage 65extending to said duct. from the chamber 66 to which the connection 29is open. The stem of the valve 64 projects slidably through a suitablestuffin box formed in a cap 67 which cap pro vi es a bearing for anexpansive coil spring 68 by which the valve 64 is closed under theconditions to be described. The valve 64 is normally held open againstthe pressure of the spring 68 by a supporting detent 69 loosely mountedon the rock shaft 42 and having an angular operating extension 70. Thedetent 69 has an angular terminal projection 71 which normally enga esunder a shoulder 72 formed at one side 0 the stem of the valve 64 and bysuch engagement holds the valve from its seat. The shaft 42 has fastthereon an arm 73 which is provided with a projection 74 for engagementwith the arm of the detent 69 which projection may be adjustable, asshown. When the shaft 12 ceases to rotate or when its speed falls belowa determined minimum limit the arm 73, moving with the rock shaft 42,engages with arm 70 by means of the projection 74 and by such engagementtrips the detent 69 to release the stem of the valve 64 whereupon saidvalve is closed by the spring 68 and the further supply of oil to theproportioner by means of the pump 7 or possibly consequent to gravity ispositively prevented.

For the purpose of rendering the system inoperative upon thediscontinuance, from any cause whatever, of the motor 11 I provide aswitch which opens automatically when the motor ceases to operate and,as shown and preferred, this switch is con trolled by the valve 64. Themotor circuit is normally closed through upper and lower spring contacts75 and 76, the contact 75 tending to spring away from the contact 76.The contact 75 is normally pressed against the contact 76 by an arm 77pivoted to a supporting lug 78 and above said lug provided with anextension 79 having a terminal projection 80 which normally bearsagainst the projecting end of the stem of the valve 64. hen the valve 64is released by the detent 69 its stem, in turn, disengages theprojection 80 and thereupon the arm 77 is released and yields under thepressure of the spring contact 75 which by its inherent resiliency movesfrom engagement with the contact 76.

As a functional element of the burner the nozzle 3 may be of anysuitable construction for the purposes in view. In the specificconstruction disclosed, and as shown in detail in Figure 5, the nozzle 3includes a casing 81 to which the pipe 33 is open and whose dischargeorifice is provided with an external flaring valve seat 82 forcooperation with an externally arranged valve 83 mounted on a stem 84which projects into the casing 81, the stem 84 being acted on by anexpansive spring 85 which bears against the upper end of said casing andagainst an adjustment nut 86 mounted on said stem. The spring 85 movesthe valve 83 toward its seat and said valve is moved in opposition tosaid spring by the pressure of the oil delivered to the casing 81. Thevalve 83 is of flaring form and its flaring surface preferably convergeswith respect to the surface of the seat 82 whereby said convergingflaring surface will form a flaring oil discharge passage of diminishingarea. The valve 83 will open under less pressure than is required forthe opening of the valve 25 and the difference in pressures may beregulated as desired, a difierence of five pounds being suggested aspractical and ordinarily desirable.

The burner 1 is preferably of the mantle type and includes an uprightcasing 87 of refractory material in the lower portion of which one ormore spiders 88 of refractory material may be arranged to provide asupporting grate for the granular refractory material 89 with which thecasing 87 is filled. The grate 88 is arranged above the mixingchamber 2,which communicates by Venturi passage 90 with the air inlet chamher 4.The passage 90 is formed in a block of refractory material 91 whichprovides the lower surface of the mixing chamber and the upper surfaceof the air inlet chamber. In its upper portion the block 91 is providedwith a series of stepped concentric oil trapping recesses 92. The windbox 6 is arranged in surrounding relation to the casing 87, and thepassages 5, by which said wind box communicates with the chamber 4 arepreferably arranged tangentially of said chamber as shown in Figure 6whereby as the air enters the chamber 4 a whirling action is developedand the air passes with a maximum of velocity and a minimum ofresistance through the Venturi passage 90 into the mixing chamber 2. Theoil issues from the nozzle 3 at high velocity and in the form of aconical sheet and the air whirling in the chamber 4 intercepts saidsheet tangentially at all points and continuously and uniformly slicesofl minute particles of the oil, thus promoting effective atomization ofthe oil and insuring the thorough admixture of the oil and air. Thepressure and upward direction of the air tends to carry the fuel mixturewell up to the porous material 89. At the same time the heat radiatedinto the chamber 2 from the refractory grate 88 and the refractory looture moving upward to the grate 88 and porous refractory material 89.

Having fully described my invention I claim:

1. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination with a burner, means forsupplying oil to said burner, and means for supplying air to said burnerand having an operating shaft, of means for maintaining the oil and airsupplied to said burner in a determined ratio and including a valvearranged in the oil conduit between the oil supply means and the burnerand adapted to open said conduit to greater or less degree, spring meansnormally acting on said valve to move it to closed position, andgovernor means for automatically controlling the position of said valvein accordance with the speed of said operating shaft.

2. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination with a burner, means forsupplying oil to said burner, and means for supplying air to said burnerand having an operating shaft, of means for maintaining the oil and airsupplied to said burner in a determined ratio and including a ball valvearranged in the oil conduit between the oil supply means and the burnerand adapted to open said conduit to greater or less degree, a springnormally acting on said valve to move it to closed position, and meansfor automatically controlling the position of said valve in accordancewith the speed of said operating shaft.

3. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means forsupplying oil to the burner, means for supplying air to the burner andhaving an operating shaft, a spring pressed cut-off valve for the oilsupplied to the burner, a governor on said 'shaft, and means for holdingsaid valve normally open and operative by said governor when the speedof said shaft falls below a determined minimum degree to release saidvalve.

4. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means forsupplying oil to the burner, means for supplying air to the burner andhaving an operating shaft, a governor on said shaft, means operated bysaid governor for varying the quantity of oil supplied to the burner inaccordance with the speed of said shaft. and means also operated by thegovernor for cutting off the oil supply to said burner when the speed ofsaid shaft falls below a determined minimum degree.

5. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means forsupplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner andhaving an operating shaft, means for cutting off the supply of oil tosaid burner when the speed of said shaft fallsbelow a determined minimumdegree, and means for stopping the operation of said shaft when itsspeed falls below said determined minimum degree.

6. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means forsupplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner andhaving an operating shaft and means for stopping the operation of saidshaft when its speed falls below a determined minimum de ee.

7. In an Oll burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means forsupplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner andhaving an operating shaft, a governor on said shaft, means operated bysaid governor for cutting off the supply of oil to said burner when thespeed of said shaft falls below a determined minimum degree and -meansalso operated by said governor for stopping the operation of said shaftwhen its speed falls below a determined minimum degree.

8. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means forsupplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner andhaving an operating shaft, means for regulating the quantity of oilsupplied to the burner in accordance with the speed of said shaft, meansfor cutting oil the supply of oil to said burner when the speed of saidshaft falls below a determined minimum degree and means for stopping theoperation of said shaft when its speed falls below said determinedminimum degree.

9. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a pump forsupplying oil tosaid burner, means for supplyin air to said burner, acommon operating shaft for said pump and means, a governor on saidshaft, means operated by said governor for cutting off the supply of oilto said pump when the speed of said shaft falls below a determinedminimum degree, and means operated by said governor for stopping theoperation of said shaft when its speed falls below said determinedminimum degree.

10. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a pump forsupplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner, acommon operating shaft for said pump and said means, a governor on saidshaft, means operated by said governor for regulating the quantity ofoil supplied to the burner in accordance with the speed of said shaft,means operated by said governor for cutting off the supply of oil tosaid burner when the speed of said shaft falls below a determinedminimum degree, and means also operated by said governor for stoppingthe operation of said shaft when its speed falls below said determinedminimum degree.

11. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a pump forsupplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner, acommon operating shaft for said pump and said means, means forregulating the quantity of oil supplied to the burner in accordance withthe speed of said shaft and means for stopping the operation of saidshaft when its speed falls below a determined minimum degree.

12. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a pump forsupplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner, acommon operating shaft for said pump and said means, a governor on saidshaft, means operated by said governor for regulating the quantity ofoil supplied to the burner in accordance with the speed of said shaftand means operated by said governor for stopping the operation of saidtil shaft when its speed falls below a determined minimum degree.

13. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a motoroperated pump for supplying oil to the burner, a spring pressedvalvearranged in the oil conduit between the pump. and the burner, a by-passon the pump and a. spring pressed valve in the by-pass adapted to openunder excess pressure.

14:. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means forsupplying oil to the burner, means for supplying air to the burner andhaving an operating shaft, a motor for said shaft, a normally closedswitch for said motor, a normally open cutoff valve for the oil, meansoperated by the cut-off valve in its normal position for closing saidswitch and operative in the open position of said valve to provide forthe opening of said switch, a governor on said shaft, and means operatedby said governor when the speed of said shaft falls below a determinedminimum degree to provide for the closing of said cut-oil valve.

15. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner includingan oil discharge nozzle through which the oil is forced under pressure,a pum for supplying oil under pressure, a con uit extending from saidpump to said nozzle, a valve in said conduit, means for supplying airand having an operating shaft, means for opening the valve in saidconduit to greater or less degree in accordance with the speed of saidshaft, a by-pass around said pump and a spring pressed valve in saidby-pass adlapted to open under excess pressure of the o1 16. In an oilburning apparatus, a burner comprising a casing, 21. bed of granularrefractory material supported within said casing, said casing havingamixing chamber below said bed of refractory material, a nozzle fordischarging oil into said mixing chamber, said mixing chamber havingaVenturi passage at its lower end and said casing having an air inletchamber below said Venturi passage and means for discharging airtangentially into said inlet chamber, the air entering said mixingchamber through said Venturi passage and atomizing the oil dischargedfrom said nozzle.

In testimony whereof I ailix m signature.

SIDNEY E. EYERS.

